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February 21, 2013

Researchers have discovered a stunning new process that takes the energy from coal without burning it -- and removes virtually all of the pollution

When a team of Ohio State students worked around the clock for nine days straight recently, they weren't pulling the typical college "all-nighters."

Instead, they were reaching a milestone in clean coal technology.

For 203 continuous hours, they operated a scaled-down version of a power plant combustion system with a unique experimental design--one that chemically converts coal to heat while capturing 99 percent of the carbon dioxide produced in the reaction.

This new technology, called coal-direct chemical looping, was pioneered by Liang-Shih Fan, professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering and director of Ohio State's Clean Coal Research Laboratory. (Fan is a Distinguished University Professor and a 2012 Innovator of the Year.)

Typical coal-fired power plants burn coal to heat water to make steam, which turns the turbines that produce electricity. In chemical looping, the coal isn't burned with fire, but instead chemically combusted in a sealed chamber so that it doesn't pollute the air. A second combustion unit in the lab does the same thing with coal-derived syngas, and both produce 25 thermal kilowatts of energy.

"In the simplest sense, combustion is a chemical reaction that consumes oxygen and produces heat," Fan says. "Unfortunately, it also produces carbon dioxide, which is difficult to capture and bad for the environment. So we found a way to release the heat without burning."

Dawei Wang, a research associate and one of the group's team leaders, says the technology's potential benefits go beyond the environment: "The plant could really promote our energy independence. Not only can we use America's natural resources such as Ohio coal, but we can keep our air clean and spur the economy with jobs."

The researchers are about to take the technology to the next level: a pilot plant is under construction at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Carbon Capture Center. Set to begin operations in late 2013, that plant will produce 250 thermal kilowatts using syngas. Tests there will set the stage for future commercial development.

"At Ohio State, with a team of creative minds, we can take a technological concept closer to real commercial use," Wang says.

The technology looks promising: as doctoral student Elena Chung explained, the 203-hour experiment could have continued even longer.

"We voluntarily chose to stop the unit. Honestly, it was a mutual decision by Dr. Fan and the students. It was a long and tiring week where we all shared shifts," she says.

Fan's students were thrilled to be involved in this breakthrough, even if they did lose some sleep.

"Ohio State has been very supportive of our research efforts," Fan says. The result of the university's backing? A place, he says, where "brilliant invention and cutting-edge research can be successful and progressive."

5 comments:

  1. How is carbon dioxide bad for the environment? Don't plants need it to breathe?

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  2. "CO2 is bad for the environment", says the science student. I wonder if this science student has ever actually studied the subject, or just accepted the propaganda that has become the national consensus? Burning coal does produce real pollutants, so if this is a way to utilize coal's energy potential while reducing those, that would be great.

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  3. This story omits the part about the pollution involved in mining the coal, especially mtr and open pit mining of coal. China is a net importer of coal: US coal. http://pesd.stanford.edu/publications/the_worlds_greatest_coal_arbitrage_chinas_coal_import_behavior_and_implications_for_the_global_coal_market Frankly I am not interested in polluting my country with increased coal mining so China can reap the benefits.

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  4. This is actually old technology deveoped years ago. Power plants with boilers of this design are known as "fluidized bed" boilers.

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  5. If this works, I wonder what excuse the president will have to put a stop to it as he's done with the Canada pipeline.

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